Major Mines Projects Impala Mine Breast mining; Bordandpillar; Summary: The Merensky and UG2 Reefs are mined concurrently at Impala Stoping at the operatio
This study explores the use of backfill in hard rock bord-and-pillar mines to increase the pillar strength and extraction ratio at depth. The use of backfill will also minimize the requirement for ...
pillars were left behind as primary support during underground bord and pillar mining operations. Due to the depletion of coal reserves, the pillars and remnant coal are now removed using opencast ... (Madden et al., 1995). A higher extraction ratio is possible in the case of smaller pillars, but these have a low factor of safety (Wagner ...
Sort-well is a combined method of bord and pillar and longwall mining underground coal mines[3]. Underground coal gasification (UCG): It is a process in which coal is converted to useful gases internally without requiring a mining operation. The gases can subsequently be used to produce heat, generate power, or ...
Impala Mine planned to introduce 4 m x 2 m crush pillars on the UG2 Reef, and were interested in finding the depth where such pillars can be safely used. These pillars have …
The object of this study is to formulate a procedure for the determination of mining dimensions in bord and pillar workings. This is achieved by using the recently reported pillar strength formula which was derived statistically from the results of a survey of mining dimensions carried out in the collieries of the Transvaal and Orange Free State. In this …
Currently, raw coal mined through either long wall or bord and pillar mining methods and undergoes primary crushing underground. The De-stoning Plant is proposed to be built on a brownfields site, consisting of transformed land, agriculture and degraded grassland and will link into the existing mine and Eskom infrastructure.
Chikande et al. (2022) created and implemented a ventilation-on-demand (VOD) system for the bord and pillar mining method at a platinum mine in Zimbabwe to reduce the usage of excess air in the ...
Where, is the pillar strength, is the coal strength parameter = 4.8 to 7.0 MPa (700 to 1000 psi) is the pillar width and is the pillar height. Aadidev et al. 3 Pillar strength equation by Greenwald Greenwald et al. (1941) considered in situ tests on slender pillars of size 30 cm and gave the strength of pillar as: (5) Where, С p
Instrumentation and monitoring is undertaken aiming at evaluation of changing values of rock mechanic parameters, namely, dilation, load, convergence, and stress, during mining for a safe strata control. It enables the mining practitioners to anticipate roof fall–related dangers in advance and taking subsequent preventive measures while depillaring. The …
In NSW the size of the pillar is restricted to a minimum of 1/10 of the depth, and the width of the bord to 5.5 m. Special exemptions are required for driving bords (roadways) wider than 5.5 m. The roadways are normally driven in rectangular shape.
FACT SHEETIMPALAImpala, Implats's 96% owned primary operational unit has operations situated on the western limb of the world-renowned Bushveld Complex near Rustenbur. …
In the mining process of the II1 coal seam at Zhaogu No. 2 coal mine, a method of stratified mining is employed, leaving relatively wide coal pillars in sections. To enhance the resource recovery ...
Here the circumstances of bord and pillar mining are to face difficult surroundings, mainly, due to rock-mass characteristics and stress conditions of the deep horizon. ... To achieve a better strata condition under high stress regime of deep cover, even splitting of pillar is avoided (Mark et al., 2002). Splitting requires support placement ...
The success of a bord and pillar mining method in the exploitation of platinum heavily depends on a comprehensive and competent pillar design method. Pillars need to be large enough to contain ...
The bord and pillar mining method is employed and stoping widths average around 2m. Mining bords advance along the strike. The mining cycle involves mechanised support …
Watson PB, Ryder JA, Kataka MO et al. 2008. Merensky pillar strength formulae based on back-analysis of pillar failures at Impala Platinum. The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol.108, pp 449-461
The bords currently mined gave a shorter stand-up time which again compromises safety. Pillars need to be redesigned together with the implementation of a new roofbolt system …
"Productive room and pillar mining comes down to having the machines and parts that can help soft rock mining operations extract and haul more coal and industrial minerals in less time," he said. "With these new features and a next-generation conveyor chain design, operators have tools that can help them hit their productivity targets while ...
The Merensky and UG2 reefs are mined concurrently and the mining method is predominantly conventional breast mining. Mechanised bord and pillar mining occurs in selected Merensky Reef areas on two of the shafts (12 and 14 Shafts). Mining currently extends to a depth of around 1 000 meters, with most operations
underground coal mining worldwide. Even after adoption of the longwall method, room and pillar is still used for panel development and is also favored in some mines owing to attenuation of subsidence. However, designing coal pillar geometry is a key issue for the success of bord and pillar mining operation. To design a pillar, it is essential
Styldrift Mine (Styldrift), a twin vertical shaft system, is a mechanised bord and pillar mining operation with an average mining depth of 680m BRPM concentrator, is a 250ktpm capacity traditional MF2 process ... l Impala Platinum Holdings Limited (40.11%) l Northam Platinum Holdings Limited (34.52%) l PIC (9.26%) l Royal Bafokeng Holdings (3. ...
This diagram shows the traditional method of bord and pillar mining. Miners extracted coal along roadways or bords, with the coal between the bords acting as pillars holding up the roof. The outer pillars were then mined, leaving the roof to collapse in a controlled way as the miners retreated ...
The in-panel pillars are intended to provide support resistance sufficient to prevent "backbreak" type in-panel failures, while yielding in a stable manner. As such, they are …
The Hedley and Grant pillar strength formula is widely used within the South African mining industry to calculate pillar strengths in bord and pillar mining layouts, and is currently being used at Bathopele Mine. Bathopele is an operation of Anglo American Platinum near Rustenburg, mining the UG2 reef at depths ranging from 40 m to 300 m …
The paper points out that bord-and-pillar mining is the most important method of coal extraction in South African underground coal mines, and advocates that pillar design …
from bord and pillar practices in the coal mining industry where the anchor support pattern, spacing layout, as well as the minimum drilling depth into the roof / hanging- wall, and thus the length of the anchors, is determined for a given mining area such
The paper points out that bord-and-pillar mining is the most important method of coal extraction in South African underground coal mines, and advocates that pillar design procedures should be ...
Bord And Pillar Mining Richard Augustine Studdert Redmayne Ground Engineering - Principles and Practices for Underground Coal Mining J.M. Galvin, This book teaches readers ground engineering principles and related mining and risk management practices associated with
Despite incredible advances in technology enabling a new era of surface mining, room and pillar remains one of the most popular underground mining methods today. While incredibly complicated and (like all underground operations) fraught with risk, this technique is still effective and is in widespread use.
It has five coal seams, each separated by a soil layer and is mined using the Bord and Pillar method of underground mining (Ranjan et al. 2013, K.D. Singh, Survey Officer, Bhurkunda UG mine ...
The 111 mining method (Al Heib et al., 2010; Poulsen et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2018) means mining one working face, excavating one mining roadway, and setting one filling body to replace the coal ...
Where, is the Pillar strength equation pillar strength, is the coal strength parameter = 4.8 to 7.0 MPa (700 to 1000 psi) is the pillar width and is the pillar height. Jawed et al. 3 Pillar strength equation by Greenwald Greenwald et al. (1941) considered in situ tests on
Mechanised bord and pillar mining occurs in selected Merensky Reef areas at 14 Shaft. Mining currently extends to a depth of around 1 000 metres, with most operations ...
In FY2015 Impala produced 575 200 ounces of refined platinum. 2 IMPALA. 3 Both the Merensky and UG2 Reefs, which are contained ... Mechanised bord and pillar mining occurs in selected Merensky Reef areas on two of the shafts (12 and 14 Shafts). Mining currently extends to a depth of around 1 000 meters, with most
Watson et al. (2008) (linear formula) Impala Platinum, South Africa. Watson ... The paper points out that bord-and-pillar mining is the most important method of coal extraction in South African ...